PM 2.5 ,the harmful air pollutant: Its danger to the respiratory system
“PM 2.5 is fine particulate matter with a diameter of no more than 2.5 micrometers, which poses health risks when inhaled into the human respiratory system. Prolonged exposure to PM 2.5 can lead to airway inflammation and conditions such as asthma.
The FENO TEST, or Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Test, measures the level of nitric oxide gas in exhaled breath. It is particularly useful in diagnosing asthma and airway inflammation. Here are its key benefits:
- Aid in Diagnosing Asthma:FENO TEST can help distinguish between individuals with asthma-like symptoms and those without asthma. Elevated FENO levels may indicate asthma.
- Assist in Diagnosing Airway Inflammation:High FENO levels may also serve as an indicator of the severity of airway inflammation and guide treatment decisions.
- Plan Asthma Treatment:FENO TEST can be used to tailor asthma treatment plans. Measuring FENO levels can help determine the need for adjusting medication dosages or treatment strategies.
The FENO TEST is a valuable medical tool for diagnosing and managing asthma and airway inflammation. By measuring nitric oxide levels in exhaled breath, it provides insights into respiratory abnormalities and assists in tailoring appropriate healthcare for patients.”
FENO Test, Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Test
What is the FENO Test?
The FENO Test measures the level of nitric oxide in exhaled breath. It can be done by taking a slow exhalation into a device, taking about 10 to 15 seconds. This test is non-invasive and painless.
Results of this test are reported in parts per billion (PPB), with normal values being less than 25 PPB for adults and 20 PPB for children. Values higher than normal are considered to be greater than 50 PPB for adults or greater than 35 PPB for children.
What does the FENO Test indicate?
In normal exhaled breath, nitric oxide constitutes about 78%, oxygen about 17%, carbon dioxide about 4-5%, and other gases about 1%. Increased levels of nitric oxide in exhaled breath result from the release of nitric oxide by respiratory lining cells due to inflammation in the airways. In individuals with allergic inflammation, common in asthma, FENO levels are higher than normal, as depicted in Figure 2.
(Figure 2 illustrates the increased nitric oxide levels in patients with allergic airway inflammation. )
This test helps diagnose allergic airway inflammation and asthma. It assists in assessing inflammation for adjusting or reducing anti-inflammatory medications in the airways. Additionally, it aids in monitoring patients’ conditions and symptoms.
Who should consider the FENO Test?
- Individuals experiencing suspected airway hyper responsiveness or asthma symptoms such as nighttime cough, chest tightness, shortness of breath, wheezing, or increased sensitivity to triggers like dust or allergens.
- Those requiring monitoring of airway inflammation to adjust or reduce anti-inflammatory medications.
- People considering tailored medication options based on their specific phenotype, such as biologic medications or steroid therapy.
Preparing for the FENO Test:
- Avoid any infections or colds for at least 2 weeks before the test.
- Abstain from high-nitrate foods such as leafy greens (e.g., spinach, kale, lettuce) for at least 3 hours before the test.
- Refrain from smoking, drinking coffee, or consuming alcohol for at least 1 hour before the test.”
Examination List
The price includes doctor’s fee and hospital service charges.
Please make an appointment in advance at the BNH Asthma and Allergy Centre, BNH Hospital, 1st Floor.
Call 02 022 0840 to schedule your visit.
