BNH Neuroscience Centre
Better brain and nervous system care. Better quality of life for you and your loved ones.

The nervous system comprises the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles. It controls all bodily functions—from perception and sensation to memory, movement, and expression. When this system malfunctions, neurological diseases can significantly impact a patient’s overall quality of life.

Well-known neurological diseases include

Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, migraine, epilepsy, neuromuscular disorders, Parkinson’s disease, autoimmune neurological disorders, nervous system infections, multiple sclerosis, and meningitis.

Why Choose the Right Treatment for Your Condition

At BNH Neuroscience Centre, we combine medical school-level expertise with high-precision innovations and integrated care to achieve the best possible treatment outcomes, with a strong emphasis on timely care.

We diagnose your condition quickly and provide the most appropriate treatment options, maximizing your chances of recovery and helping restore your quality of life as soon as possible.

Why Choose Us

We offer advanced medical innovations comparable to those used in leading medical schools, including:
- The latest technologies for diagnosing stroke and assessing dementia risk, helping patients prepare and manage their health appropriately.
- Technologies that help slow the progression of dementia and extend quality time with loved ones.
- Innovative medications that help slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
- Effective treatments to control symptoms of epilepsy and Parkinson’s disease, enabling patients to return to their daily lives.
Our team of specialists in brain and nervous system disorders ensures that each patient receives comprehensive and effective care.
We also work closely with multidisciplinary specialists—including psychiatrists, cardiologists, pediatricians, ophthalmologists, and rehabilitation physicians—since neurological disorders often affect multiple body systems.
In addition, we have physicians who specialize in sleep and memory disorders, which are closely related to brain and nervous system health.

Meet Our Neuroscience Centre Team

Common Brain and Neurological Diseases

Dementia

Dementia is a condition caused by a decline in brain function. It may be treatable or irreversible, depending on the underlying cause.

Irreversible dementia occurs when brain cells are permanently damaged, particularly in the areas responsible for memory and information processing. Patients typically experience a progressive decline in cognitive function. While this type of dementia cannot be cured, current medical technologies may help slow disease progression. Irreversible dementia may result from conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, or traumatic brain injury.
Treatable dementia occurs when the underlying cause does not permanently damage brain cells. By addressing the root cause, cognitive function can improve and patients may return to near-normal functioning. Common causes of treatable dementia include:
- Autoimmune diseases affecting the brain such as Brain infections, Brain tumors, Brain hemorrhage, Hypothyroidism, Depression, or Chronic alcohol use
- Long-term vitamin B12 deficiency
- Certain medications, such as sleeping pills or sedatives

Symptoms of Dementia

Common symptoms may include:

Repeating questions or statements within a short period of time
Difficulty using familiar objects such as phones or TV remote controls
Reduced ability to solve problems or make decisions
Noticeable changes in personality or behavior, such as becoming unusually aggressive or irritable
Getting lost in familiar places or misplacing objects (for example, putting a wallet in the refrigerator)
Delusions or false beliefs, such as thinking someone has stolen personal belongings

Dementia ≠ Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia, but the two conditions are not the same.

Alzheimer’s disease occurs when toxic amyloid proteins accumulate in the brain, damaging areas responsible for memory and information storage. As a result, new information cannot be effectively stored, making it difficult for patients to recall events even with effort.

How Is Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically begins with confirming whether a patient has dementia, and then determining whether Alzheimer’s disease is the underlying cause.

Doctors usually begin with Cognitive and memory assessments, blood tests to identify other possible causes of memory problems, such as vitamin deficiencies or hormonal imbalance.

If no alternative cause is identified, further evaluation may be recommended. This may include Blood Biomarker Testing to detect indicators associated with Alzheimer’s disease and MRI brain imaging to evaluate structural changes in the brain.

If early-stage Alzheimer’s disease is diagnosed, doctors may recommend treatments to slow disease progression, along with lifestyle modifications to support brain health.

Reducing the Risk and Slowing the Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease

The risk of Alzheimer’s disease may be reduced through healthy lifestyle habits that help slow the accumulation of amyloid proteins in the brain. These include adequate sleep, a healthy diet, regular exercise, effective stress management, and regular mental stimulation.

In addition, modern medical innovations can assess Alzheimer’s disease risk in advance through Blood Biomarker Testing. This highly accurate technology can detect indicators of Alzheimer’s disease in the blood and may identify the likelihood of developing the disease 3-5 years before symptoms appear. This early insight allows individuals and families time to prepare and plan while the brain is still functioning well.

Alzheimer’s Disease May Not Be Curable, but Its Progression Can Be Slowed

Although Alzheimer’s disease cannot currently be cured, medical advancements can help slow the progression of the disease, allowing patients to maintain a better quality of life for a longer period.

Today, several medical innovations are available to help manage Alzheimer’s disease, including:

Transcranial Pulse Stimulation (TPS)

Transcranial Pulse Stimulation (TPS) is a technology that delivers low-intensity shock waves to stimulate brain cells. This stimulation may help improve concentration, increase alertness and motivation, enhance mood, and support memory retrieval.

TPS is therefore suitable for patients with early to mid-stage Alzheimer’s disease. It may also benefit individuals experiencing brain fog, depression, ADHD, or neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease.

This innovation was developed by Storz Medical AG in Switzerland. It has received CE Mark certification in Europe and has been widely used there for more than eight years. In Thailand, the technology became available approximately two years ago after receiving approval from the Thai Food and Drug Administration (Thai FDA).

Treatment with TPS can only be performed by physicians who have been certified by the technology developer.

At BNH Neuroscience Centre, all TPS treatments are provided by Dr. Ketchai Suavansri, Cognitive Neurologist specializing in brain and memory disorders. In addition to being certified to use this technology, he is the only physician in Thailand—and one of only two in Asia—officially appointed by the company to train doctors in Asia in the use of TPS technology.

Anti-Amyloid Drug

For more than 20 years, the medical community has been searching for a breakthrough treatment for Alzheimer’s disease.

In 2022, the United States introduced Lecanemab, a new medication based on Anti-Amyloid Therapy, representing a major breakthrough in Alzheimer’s disease treatment.

This medication works by targeting and reducing the accumulation of toxic amyloid proteins, one of the key causes of Alzheimer’s disease. As a result, it can help slow disease progression in the early stages, unlike traditional Alzheimer’s medications, which mainly focus on improving neurotransmitter balance.

The medication is administered via injection and is now available in select hospitals. BNH Hospital is among the few hospitals that currently offer this treatment.

Because Anti-Amyloid therapy may have potential side effects, patients should consult with a specialist to determine whether the treatment is appropriate.

Dementia Care at BNH Hospital

Why Choose BNH Neuroscience Centre?

We provide comprehensive care for patients with dementia through a multidisciplinary team of specialists. Our team includes experts across all areas of brain and neurological disorders, ensuring accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plans.
Our memory care team is led by Dr. Ketchai Suavansri, a cognitive neurologist specializing in brain and memory disorders and one of the pioneers of the Dementia Association of Thailand.
Our brain and memory consultants assess cognitive function to identify early symptoms, monitor disease progression, and develop personalized care plans. We also offer cognitive rehabilitation programs through the SookCiety Day Care Programme, where patients participate in activities designed to stimulate brain function and support cognitive recovery.
We utilize advanced diagnostic and treatment technologies, including blood biomarker testing, Transcranial Pulse Stimulation (TPS), and the latest Anti-Amyloid medications, ensuring patients have access to the most advanced care available.

Stroke

Stroke is a condition caused by a disruption of blood flow to the brain. It can occur due to either ischemic stroke (80-90%), caused by a blockage in a blood vessel, or hemorrhagic stroke (10-20%), caused by bleeding in the brain.

The risk of stroke is higher in individuals with high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes. Although stroke is a common and serious condition, timely treatment can significantly improve the chances of recovery.

Things to Know About Stroke

One in four people aged 25 and older worldwide are at risk of experiencing a stroke during their lifetime.
Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally and in Thailand (after cancer), and the number of cases continues to increase.
The first 4.5 hours after symptom onset are critical. If patients receive treatment at a hospital equipped with specialist doctors, appropriate medications, and advanced technology within this time window, their chances of recovery are significantly higher.

Symptoms of Stroke

If any of the following symptoms occur suddenly, seek medical attention immediately. These symptoms can be remembered using the BEFAST principle:

Balance: Sudden loss of balance or difficulty walking
Eyes: Sudden vision problems, such as loss of vision in one eye or double vision
Face: Facial drooping or numbness on one side of the face
Arms: Weakness or numbness in one arm or leg, usually on one side of the body
Speech: Slurred speech or difficulty speaking or understanding speech
Time: Time is critical—go to the hospital immediately

Risk Factors for Stroke

Major risk factors – commonly found in people over the age of 40—include Diabetes, High cholesterol (especially elevated LDL levels), High blood pressure, Overweight or obesity.
Additional factors that may increase the risk of stroke before the age of 40 include:
- Genetic predisposition
- Certain cancers that increase abnormal blood clotting
- Use of birth control pills containing high levels of estrogen
- Migraine
- Exposure to PM2.5 air pollution, which may trigger inflammation in cerebral blood vessels
- Sleep apnea
- Smoking

Stroke Is Preventable

Up to 80% of stroke cases are preventable.

Stroke does not occur suddenly. In most cases, it develops from the long-term accumulation of risk factors. Regular health checkups help individuals become aware of these risks—such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol—and allow preventive measures to be taken early through lifestyle modifications.

Preventive measures may include managing stress, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and reducing exposure to air pollution such as PM2.5, for example by using air purifiers at home.

However, basic health checkups may not always reveal all potential risks. For example, a blood pressure reading of 130/85 mmHg may appear normal, but it could still be dangerous for individuals who have arterial thickening due to fatty plaque buildup or cerebral aneurysms, both of which significantly increase the risk of stroke.

Today, advanced medical technologies can detect these risks earlier, allowing for more targeted prevention. Examples include:

Carotid Doppler Ultrasound: This test detects fatty plaque deposits in the carotid arteries, which supply blood to the brain and eyes. These plaques are important indicators of stroke risk.
MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography): MRA is used to visualize blood vessels in the brain and can detect aneurysms as small as 2 millimeters.
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the brain. It helps identify areas of the brain affected by reduced blood flow or damage, evaluate the size and location of brain lesions, and differentiate between ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes for appropriate treatment planning.
Lipoprotein Testing: This test analyzes the types and levels of lipoprotein particles in the blood, helping assess the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
ApoB Testing: Measurement of Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels helps determine the number of atherogenic lipid particles that increase the risk of vascular and heart disease.
Genetic Testing: Genetic testing may be recommended for individuals with a family history of stroke or suspected inherited conditions, and may also help evaluate how patients respond to certain medications.

Stroke Screening Packages

At BNH Neuroscience Centre, we combine advanced diagnostic technologies to help patients understand their stroke risk and take preventive action.

Basic Stroke Screening Package: This package includes carotid Doppler ultrasound to evaluate blood flow in the carotid arteries, along with blood tests to assess key health indicators related to stroke risk.
Advanced Stroke Screening Package This comprehensive package includes:
- Carotid Doppler Ultrasound
- Advanced blood tests for stroke risk assessment, including homocysteine, ANA, lipoprotein analysis, and ApoB level measurement.
- MRI + MRA imaging to evaluate blood vessels in the brain and neck
- Detailed analysis and interpretation by specialist physicians

Stroke Can Be Treated if Patients Receive Care Promptly

The first 4.5 hours after stroke symptoms appear are the most critical for treatment. If medical care is provided quickly, the chances of recovery are significantly higher.

At BNH Neuroscience Centre, we have stroke specialists and access to advanced thrombolytic medications, as well as neurosurgeons available for emergency care, helping improve the chances of full recovery. Treatment options may include intravenous thrombolytic therapy if treatment is received within 4.5 hours after symptom onset.

Within 24 hours of symptom onset, doctors may consider mechanical thrombectomy for patients with large artery blockage.

After a stroke, patients should continue medication to prevent recurrence and participate in physical rehabilitation, particularly during the first two months of recovery.

If recovery remains limited after 2-3 months of rehabilitation, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) may be considered to help stimulate brain activity and support further recovery.

Stroke Care at BNH Hospital

Why Trust BNH Hospital for Stroke Care?

At BNH Neuroscience Centre, we provide comprehensive stroke care through a team of experienced specialists. Our team includes specialists across all fields of brain and neurological disorders, ensuring precise diagnosis and targeted treatment.
Our stroke care team is led by Dr. Chonvipa Siriyutwattana, Neurologist, Stroke and Neurosonologist.
We utilize world-leading diagnostic technologies, including Carotid Doppler Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA), and genetic testing for stroke risk assessment.

Headaches

Most people experience a headache at some point in their lives, making it one of the most common health problems worldwide. Some headaches are mild and go away quickly, while others can be severe and significantly affect daily life. In certain cases, headaches may even signal a serious or life-threatening condition. Understanding your headache symptoms is important so you can seek appropriate care and manage them promptly.

Differences in Headache Symptoms

Type of Headache	Main Symptoms
Tension Headache	A dull, pressing or tightening pain on both sides of the head, often affecting the neck or the back of the head. The pain is usually mild to moderate and may be accompanied by fatigue or difficulty concentrating.
Migraine	A throbbing or pulsating headache, usually on one side of the head. The pain may gradually worsen and can be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, weakness, and sensitivity to light, sound, or smells. Some patients may experience visual disturbances such as flashing lights or blurred vision.
Cluster Headache	A severe headache that typically occurs on one side of the head, often around the eye. The pain is sharp or burning and occurs in repeated attacks. Symptoms may include watery eyes, nasal congestion, sweating, or a runny nose.
Sinus Headache	A dull, pressure-like pain around the forehead, eyes, cheekbones, and bridge of the nose. It may be accompanied by fever, nasal congestion, runny nose, cough, facial swelling, or mucus discharge.
Medication Overuse Headache	Frequent headaches that occur due to excessive use of pain medications. The headaches may worsen despite continued medication use.
Exercise Headache	A throbbing headache that occurs during or after strenuous physical activity.

Headaches That Require Immediate Medical Attention

Seek medical attention immediately if you experience:

A sudden, severe headache unlike any you have experienced before
A headache accompanied by neurological symptoms, such as facial paralysis or weakness in the arms or legs
A headache accompanied by fever, extreme fatigue, or drowsiness
A headache that occurs after a head injury
A severe headache when lying down
A first-time headache occurring after the age of 50
Chronic headaches that suddenly change in pattern or severity

Diagnostic Approach

When a patient presents with a headache, the doctor will first take a detailed medical history and perform a physical and neurological examination to rule out serious conditions such as brain tumors, meningitis, or cerebral aneurysms.

If necessary, further diagnostic tests may be recommended, such as CT scan or MRI. These tests help doctors identify any structural abnormalities in the brain.

Types of Headaches

1. Primary Headaches

Primary headaches are not caused by another underlying disease. Instead, the headache itself is the main condition.

These headaches are often triggered by factors such as stress, eye strain, bright light, hot or cold weather, hormonal changes (such as menstruation), alcohol consumption, certain foods, fasting, irregular sleep patterns, excessive physical activity

Triggers vary from person to person, and some individuals may have multiple triggers. Common types of primary headaches include migraine and tension headaches.

Because these headaches are often trigger-related, treatment focuses on identifying and reducing exposure to triggers, along with medications or other therapies to relieve pain. With proper management, patients can significantly reduce headache frequency and maintain a good quality of life. For example, individuals who previously experienced daily headaches may reduce them to once a week or only occasional episodes that do not significantly interfere with daily life.

2. Secondary Headaches

Secondary headaches are caused by underlying medical conditions. When the underlying condition is treated, the headache usually improves or resolves. Examples include headaches caused by sinusitis, shingles, and brain tumors.

Migraine: One of the Most Common Headache Disorders

Approximately 10 million people in Thailand experience migraines. Among them, around 400,000 suffer from severe migraines that significantly impact their lives, preventing them from working, performing daily activities, and maintaining their usual routines.

Migraines occur when pain receptors in the blood vessels of the head are activated through the trigeminal nerve (the fifth cranial nerve)—a process known as trigeminovascular activation. Pain signals are transmitted to the brainstem and higher brain centers, resulting in the perception of headache pain.

Common migraine triggers include stress, strong or unpleasant smells, bright light and loud sounds, sleep deprivation, and alcohol consumption.

People with migraines typically experience throbbing or pulsating pain, usually on one side of the head, although it can occur on both sides. The pain often begins mildly and gradually becomes more severe.

Migraine attacks may also be accompanied by symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, weakness or fatigue, increased sensitivity to light, sound, or smells.

Some patients experience warning signs before a migraine attack, known as migraine aura, which may occur 5 minutes to 1 hour before the headache begins. Common symptoms include:

Seeing flashing lights or zigzag lines
Numbness or tingling sensations, often starting in the hands and spreading to the face, lips, or tongue
Dizziness or loss of balance
Difficulty speaking
Weakness in the arms or legs (rare)

Living Better with Migraine

Although migraines cannot be completely cured, modern medical innovations can help patients manage the condition and maintain a better quality of life by preventing severe attacks and treating symptoms effectively.

1. Preventive Treatment (Prophylaxis)

Preventive treatment aims to reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks, helping improve patients’ quality of life.

At BNH Neuroscience Centre, we offer new-generation preventive medications known as Anti-CGRP therapy, which specifically targets the mechanisms that cause migraine pain. These medications have been shown to reduce headache days by 50% or more for many patients. Anti-CGRP treatments are available in several forms such as monthly injection pens, quarterly (every 3 months) injections, and oral tablets taken every other day.

This innovation helps reduce the anxiety associated with migraine attacks, allowing patients to live closer to a normal life compared with older preventive medications.

In addition to medication, migraine prevention also involves identifying and avoiding personal triggers. Doctors work closely with patients to analyze potential triggers and develop strategies to manage or avoid them whenever possible.

2. Treatment During Migraine Attacks (Relief Therapy)

When migraine symptoms occur, doctors may recommend medications or other treatments to relieve pain, including:

Nerve Block: Injection of local anesthetic to block specific nerves that transmit pain signals. This may be used in patients with severe headaches who do not respond to standard treatments.
Botox Therapy: Botulinum toxin injections can help reduce chronic migraine frequency in certain patients.
Alternative therapies: such as acupuncture may help relieve headaches, particularly in patients with tension-type headaches.

Headache Treatment at BNH Hospital

Why Choose BNH Hospital for Headache Care?

At BNH Neuroscience Centre, we provide comprehensive care for patients with headache disorders. Our team of neurological specialists across multiple subspecialties ensures accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment.
Our headache care team is led by Dr. Nuttavut Kettong, a neurologist with extensive experience in headache management.
Specialists at the BNH Pain Clinic help treat severe headaches that do not respond to standard medications.
We offer world-leading migraine treatments, including new-generation Anti-CGRP preventive medications.

Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a neurological condition that can occur at any age, from childhood to older adulthood. The condition is often unpredictable, and it is difficult to know when a seizure may occur.

A seizure occurs when brain cells release electrical signals abnormally and simultaneously, either in a specific area of the brain or throughout the entire brain. This abnormal activity can lead to changes in behavior, consciousness, movement, or emotions, depending on which part of the brain is affected. Seizures can appear in different forms, including generalized tonic-clonic seizures, focal seizures, temporary loss of awareness or consciousness

Epilepsy is diagnosed when a person has a tendency to experience recurrent seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. In general, epilepsy refers to a condition in which two or more unprovoked seizures occur.

Fortunately, although epilepsy can be unpredictable, modern medical treatments can effectively control seizures, allowing many patients to live near-normal lives with a good quality of life.

Possible Causes of Epilepsy

Although the exact cause of epilepsy is not always known, several factors may contribute to the condition, including:

Brain infections, such as meningitis or encephalitis
Head injuries
Brain tumors or structural abnormalities
Congenital brain development abnormalities
Stroke, particularly in older adults
Genetic factors in some types of epilepsy
Common Seizure Triggers

Certain factors can trigger seizures in people with epilepsy, including sleep deprivation, stress, alcohol consumption, high fever in children, flashing lights, suddenly stopping prescribed epilepsy medication.

Symptoms of Epilepsy

Symptoms vary depending on the area of the brain affected. Seizures may involve twitching or jerking movements of the arms or legs, staring blankly or becoming unresponsive, unusual sensations, such as strange smells or tastes, or temporary loss of consciousness.

After a seizure, patients may experience confusion or disorientation, fatigue, memory loss about the event, frequent seizures may increase the risk of brain cell damage, which can lead to memory problems or cognitive decline. In rare cases, epilepsy can lead to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). There is also an increased risk of injury from falls or accidents during a seizure.

How Is Epilepsy Diagnosed?

Because seizures can have many different causes, careful evaluation is necessary to determine whether they are due to epilepsy. Doctors typically begin the evaluation with a detailed medical history and neurological examination. An important diagnostic test is the Electroencephalogram (EEG), which uses small electrodes attached to the scalp to record the brain’s electrical activity over time. The procedure is safe, painless, and non-invasive. EEG results help doctors detect abnormal brain electrical activity, distinguish epilepsy from other causes of seizures, and identify the area of the brain where seizures originate. In addition, brain imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans may be performed to evaluate the brain’s structure and identify possible abnormalities.

It is important to note that EEG abnormalities can occasionally appear in healthy individuals who have never had a seizure. Therefore, EEG testing is generally recommended only for individuals with symptoms or a history of seizures.

First Aid for Seizures

Because seizures can occur unexpectedly, patients who are not receiving treatment to control their symptoms may experience a seizure at any time. If someone has a seizure, people nearby can help by providing the following first aid:

Stay calm and place the person on their side (recovery position).
Remove hard or dangerous objects from the surrounding area to prevent injury.
Do not pry open the mouth or put anything into the mouth.
Do not try to restrain or stop the convulsions.
Time the seizure. If it lasts longer than 5 minutes, take the patient to the hospital immediately.
Call emergency services (1669) if this is the person’s first seizure or if the seizure is severe.
If the person is in water, remove them from the water immediately.

A Better Life After Controlling Seizures

Epilepsy can affect many aspects of a patient’s life, including quality of life and opportunities. Some activities—such as diving or mountain climbing—may be risky for people with epilepsy. Certain professions, such as pilots or drivers, may also have restrictions. In addition, fear of having a seizure in public can affect self-confidence and lead to stress.

However, modern medical treatments can effectively control seizures in many patients. Most patients need to take antiepileptic medications regularly, as missing doses may trigger seizures.

At the BNH Hospital Brain and Nervous System Center, we provide comprehensive epilepsy care, including specialist physicians, advanced diagnostic technologies, and modern seizure-control medications. In some cases, surgery may be recommended when there is a clear indication, helping patients live more confidently. However, doctors may still advise avoiding certain high-risk activities.

If a patient remains seizure-free for 2-5 years while taking medication, doctors may consider gradually stopping the medication. If no seizures occur for five years after discontinuing treatment, the condition may be considered resolved. However, there is still a possibility that seizures could recur in the future, so patients should carefully consider potential risks during certain activities.

Epilepsy Care at BNH Hospital

Why Trust BNH Neuroscience Centre?

At BNH Neuroscience Centre, we provide comprehensive care for epilepsy patients. Our team includes specialists across all areas of neurological disorders, enabling precise diagnosis and targeted treatment.
Our epilepsy care team is led by Dr. Chakraphong Lorsuwansiri, Clinical Neurologist, Epilepsy.
We offer modern seizure-control medications and advanced diagnostic technologies to help patients effectively manage epilepsy.

Neuromuscular Disorders

Neuromuscular disorders occur when the nervous system responsible for controlling muscle function does not work properly. When the signals from the brain that travel through the nerves to the muscles are disrupted, it can lead to various symptoms.

Common symptoms include:

Muscle weakness, especially in the arms, legs, or muscles close to the torso
Muscle atrophy (muscle wasting)
Muscle spasms or cramps
Numbness or abnormal sensations
Difficulty walking or standing up from a seated position
Difficulty swallowing, slurred speech, or breathing difficulties in some cases

Get a Clear Diagnosis for Your Symptoms

The symptoms above may sometimes appear mild or similar to common daily discomfort. However, if these symptoms persist over time or gradually worsen, they may indicate underlying conditions such as nerve compression, nerve inflammation, muscle disorders. Without proper diagnosis and treatment, symptoms may progressively worsen and affect daily activities. In severe cases, neuromuscular disorders may lead to movement impairment or permanent nerve damage. Early and accurate diagnosis is therefore essential.

At BNH Neuroscience Centre, we utilize advanced medical technologies to accurately diagnose neuromuscular disorders.

Neuromuscular Ultrasound (NMUS): An advanced imaging technology that uses high-resolution ultrasound to visualize nerves and surrounding structures in real time. This allows doctors to detect nerve compression or inflammation, identify structural abnormalities such as cysts or nerve tumors, and observe nerve movement or friction during body movement—something that cannot be assessed with MRI. The examination is safe, painless, and does not involve radiation exposure.
Electrodiagnostic Study (EDX): Evaluates the electrical activity of nerves and muscles and consists of two main tests:
- Nerve Conduction Study (NCS): Measures how well electrical signals travel through the nerves to determine whether nerve function is normal.
- Electromyography (EMG): Evaluates muscle function by using a small needle electrode to measure the electrical activity within the muscles.

By combining NMUS and EDX, doctors can obtain a comprehensive understanding of both the structural and electrical aspects of neuromuscular disorders. This helps determine whether the problem originates from the nerve roots, peripheral nerves, or muscles, allowing doctors to choose the most appropriate treatment approach, such as medication or physical therapy.

Neuromuscular Care at BNH Hospital

Why Choose BNH Hospital for Neuromuscular Disorders?

At the Brain and Nervous System Center, BNH Hospital, we provide comprehensive care for patients with nerve and muscle disorders. Our team includes specialists across all areas of neurological disorders, ensuring precise diagnosis and targeted treatment.
Our neuromuscular care team is led by Dr. Chaichana Sinthuwong, Neuromuscular, Electrodiagnostic Medicine.
We utilize modern diagnostic tools such as Neuromuscular Ultrasound (NMUS) and Electrodiagnostic Studies (EDX) to provide precise evaluation and treatment.

Brain Care Tips from a Doctor

Some brain and nervous system diseases may be caused by factors that cannot be controlled. However, many conditions can be prevented or delayed through healthy lifestyle habits that promote brain health and reduce the risk of disease.

Dr. Ketchai Suavansri, a specialist in brain and memory disorders, shares practical tips for maintaining good brain health.

Nutrition

Eating the right foods can help reduce the risk of brain diseases. One recommended dietary approach such as:

1. MIND Diet

This brain-healthy diet combines elements of the Mediterranean Diet and the DASH Diet, both of which are well known for supporting long-term health.

The MIND Diet emphasizes vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts, fish, and seafood. Chicken, eggs, cheese, and yogurt can be consumed in moderation, while red meat, sweets, and fast food should be limited.

Brain Benefits of the MIND Diet

Berries are rich in antioxidants that help reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain, which may help delay conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, Dementia, and Parkinson’s disease.
Helps improve insulin sensitivity and regulate blood sugar levels.
Supports cardiovascular health and reduces the risk of Stroke.
Provides EPA and DHA, important fatty acids that support brain and nervous system function.

Although the MIND Diet originated in Western countries, it can easily be adapted using Thai ingredients. For example:

Mulberries or purple-colored fruits and vegetables such as butterfly pea flowers or purple cabbage can replace berries.
Local fish such as sea bass or tilapia can replace salmon.
Rice bran oil can be used instead of olive oil.

2. Hydration

Drinking too little water can make the blood more concentrated, which may affect circulation in the small blood vessels that supply the brain. Adults should generally drink about 2-2.5 liters of water per day, especially older adults.

However, people with certain conditions such as Kidney disease or Heart disease, or those who have fluid restrictions, should consult a doctor about the appropriate daily water intake.

Sleep

Sleep is essential for restoring the body and brain. Many important biological processes occur during sleep, so sleep quality has a direct impact on both physical health and brain function.

A simple way to assess sleep quality is how you feel upon waking. If you do not feel refreshed, your sleep quality may be poor.

Understanding Sleep Stages

Deep Sleep: Occurs mostly during the early part of sleep. It helps the body repair tissues and remove toxins.
REM Sleep: Occurs more frequently in the later stages of sleep. It strengthens brain connections involved in memory, creativity, and problem-solving. Going to bed too late may reduce REM sleep, causing you to feel unrested and mentally foggy the next day.

Recommended Sleep Duration

Teenagers and adults: 7-8 hours per night (Research suggests that around 7 hours of sleep is associated with the longest lifespan.)
Older adults: At least 6 hours per night, as sleep patterns naturally change with age.

Recommended Bedtime

Children and teenagers: ideally around 9-10 PM
Adults: preferably before 11 PM

Tips for Better Sleep

To improve sleep quality:

Avoid stressful or mentally demanding activities 1-2 hours before bedtime.
Avoid screens such as phones, tablets, computers, and televisions before bed, as blue light suppresses melatonin production.
Avoid exercising after 8 PM, as it may stimulate the brain.
Avoid caffeine after 3 PM.
Maintain consistent sleep and wake times to regulate the body’s biological clock.
Get morning sunlight after waking to help your brain recognize daytime.
Keep the bedroom 1-2°C cooler than your preferred daytime temperature.
Short naps are acceptable but should be no longer than 30-45 minutes and not after 3 PM.
Irregular sleep schedules—such as those common among shift workers—can disrupt hormonal balance and increase the risk of chronic conditions such as Heart disease, Hypertension, Diabetes, and Cancer.

Sleep Apnea and Brain Health

One health condition that affects sleep quality—and consequently brain health—is sleep apnea. Risk factors include aging, being overweight, and loud snoring. Patients may notice symptoms such as excessive daytime sleepiness, while partners may observe loud snoring or pauses in breathing during sleep. If this condition is suspected, a sleep test is recommended for proper diagnosis. In severe cases, treatment may include the use of a CPAP machine during sleep.

Sleep apnea increases the risk of several health problems, including stroke, heart attack, immune system dysfunction, and irritability. It can also increase the risk of driving accidents due to excessive daytime sleepiness.

Exercise

All types of exercise are beneficial for overall health, but cardiovascular exercise (cardio) is particularly beneficial for brain health. Cardio helps improve blood circulation to the brain, supporting brain function and helping slow cognitive decline.

People of all ages should aim for at least 150 minutes of cardio exercise per week. Other forms of exercise are also beneficial and can be combined with cardio, including strength training, stretching, yoga, tai chi. Recent studies suggest that these activities may also help support brain function and cognitive health.

How to Keep Your Brain Healthy

Just as the body needs exercise, the brain also needs regular stimulation to stay healthy. Ways to keep your brain active include:

Lifelong Learning: Continuously learning new things helps build cognitive reserve, which may slow cognitive decline. This can include learning new skills such as music or languages, exploring new places, or engaging in activities that require decision-making and problem-solving.
Stress Management: Managing stress is important for brain health. Pay attention to stress levels and practice relaxing activities. Avoid stressful work or checking work emails before bedtime.
Social Interaction: Maintaining social connections helps reduce the risk of depression and cognitive decline. Regular social interaction is important for emotional and cognitive well-being.

Brain Care for Older Adults

As people age, the brain naturally undergoes changes that may affect memory and cognitive function. Therefore, older adults should pay special attention to brain health.

If hearing problems develop, it is important to consult a doctor and consider using hearing aids if necessary. Reduced hearing may limit the amount of information reaching the brain, which can contribute to faster brain atrophy and social isolation.

Social engagement is also extremely important for older adults. Loneliness can increase the risk of depression and cognitive decline. Family members should encourage older adults to meet friends, participate in social activities, and regularly engage in brain-stimulating activities.

If learning new skills is difficult, brain-training games such as Sudoku can help stimulate cognitive function.

Assessing Brain Function

BNH Neuroscience Centre offers an Integrated Cognitive Assessment Package to screen for early signs of dementia and cognitive impairment.

This assessment is suitable for:

Working adults experiencing brain fatigue, forgetfulness, or stress
Individuals who want to maintain brain health
Older adults or people at risk of dementia or Alzheimer’s disease

The evaluation assesses six key areas of brain function:

Problem-solving and cognitive management
Attention
Short-term memory
Vocabulary and language use
Cognitive sensitivity
Perception and cognition

The results help doctors develop personalized care plans, recommend appropriate brain-stimulating activities, or arrange additional diagnostic tests if abnormalities are detected.

KETCHAI SUAVANSRI, M.D.

BNH Neuroscience Centre

Specialty: NEUROLOGY

Doctor’s Story

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Nuttavut Kettong, M.D.

BNH Neuroscience Centre
Internal Medicine

Specialty: Neurology

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Ratchayut Thanapiyachaikul, M.D.

BNH Neuroscience Centre
Internal Medicine

Specialty: Neurology Medicine

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Arunee Boonsuk, M.D.

BNH Neuroscience Centre
Internal Medicine

Specialty: Neurology

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KONGPOJ VIROONPOJ, M.D.

BNH Neuroscience Centre

Specialty: NEUROLOGY

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JUTAPORN JUNWONGKAEW, M.D.

BNH Neuroscience Centre

Specialty: NEUROLOGY

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CHONVIPA SIRIYUTWATTANA, M.D.

BNH Neuroscience Centre

Specialty: NEUROLOGY

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CHAICHANA SINTHUWONG, M.D.

BNH Neuroscience Centre

Specialty: NEUROLOGY

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CHAIYOT SIANGPRASERTKIJ,MD.

BNH Neuroscience Centre
Surgery Department

Specialty: Neurosurgery

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THITIPORN SUPASITTHUMRONG

BNH Neuroscience Centre
Internal Medicine

Specialty: Dementia

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NASATHAPOT NAMPHOL, M.D.

BNH Neuroscience Centre

Specialty: NEUROLOGY, INTERVENTIONAL NEURORADIOLOGY

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DAMRONGVIT SUKAJINTANAKARN, M.D.

BNH Neuroscience Centre

Specialty: NEUROLOGY

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PASIN HEMACHUDHA, M.D.

BNH Neuroscience Centre

Specialty: NEUROLOGY

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SUPPATA MAYTHARAKCHEEP, M.D

BNH Neuroscience Centre

Specialty: Parkinson’s disease, Movement disorders, Botulinum toxin injection in neurology

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ASSOC. PROF. ITTICHAI SAKARUNCHAI, M.D.

BNH Neuroscience Centre

Specialty: NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY, INTERVENTIONAL NEURORADIOLOGY

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Chakraphong Lorsuwansiri,M.D.

BNH Neuroscience Centre
Internal Medicine

Specialty: Neurology

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BNH Neuroscience Centre Better brain and nervous system care. Better quality of life for you and your loved ones.